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Communist China Roots Of Madness

Public Domain Stock Footage Communist China Roots Of Madness

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keywords: china, communism, cold war, hong kong, great wall of china, boxer rebellion, founding father of china sun yat-sen, lifestyle of foreigners in china, chiang kai-shek, japan attacks manchuria, general joseph stilwell in china, island of formosa aka taiwan, praise for communist chairman mao tse-tung, explosion of an atomic bomb

Synopsis: 170 years of historical events leading to Modern China with scenes of Border Fence between Hong Kong and Communist China, Chinese Sculpture, Great Wall of China, First Opium War, Dowager Empress Cixi, Boxer Rebellion, Life of Chinese Peasants, Life in Hong Kong, General Yuan Shikai, Founding Father of China Sun Yat-sen, Warlord Era of China, Lifestyle of Foreigners in China, Chinese Students Calling for Revolt, Young Chiang Kai-shek, Death of Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek becomes Leader of Chinese Nationalist Party, Fight against Chinese Warlords, Japan Attacks Manchuria, Chiang Kai-shek, Madame Chiang, War Against Communist Forces, Communist The Long March, Xi'an Incident, Japanese Bombing of Shanghai, Nanking Sacked By Japanese, Communist Army at Rest Near Yan'an, Communist Leader Mao Tse-tung, Japanese Forces Advance through China, Japanese Bombing of Chungking, America Sends Supplies over The Hump to China, General Joseph Stilwell in China, Communist Forces receive Political Training, eneralissimo Chiang Kai-shek, American General Joseph Stilwell, Japan Surrenders Battleship USS Missouri Signing, Communist Leader Mao Tse-tung, Communist Forces Move into Manchuria, American General George C. Marshall, Life in Shanghai, Hyperinflation in China, Starving Chinese People, Communist Forces Attack Nationalist Forces in Manchuria, Manchuria Falls to Communist Forces, Madame Chiang Kai-shek Visits America, Chiang Kai-shek Resigns, Communist Forces Enter Shanghai, Thousands gather in Peking to Hear New Communist Directives, Island of Formosa aka Taiwan, Praise for Communist Chairman Mao Tse-tung, Explosion of an Atomic Bomb...(read more)

  • Date: 1830's-1960's
  • Duration: 01:18:30
  • Sound: Yes
  • Color: Monochrome
  • Type: Public Domain
  • Language: English
  • Location: China

Communist China - Roots Of Madness

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Communist China - Roots Of Madness Reel-1

Shot List:

R1:00:01:50;17

Sign and barbed-wire topped border fence at the border between the British Crown Colony of Hong Cong and Communist China. Shows Hong Kong police patrolling border fence with a dog.

R1:00:03:31;21

Various scenes depicting the mysterious land of ancient China. Shows a Chinese Pagoda, Chinese arch bridge, CU Chinese Dragon Statue, Chinese Serpent Statue. Peasants planting rice in a rice paddy (field).

R1:00:04:36;02

Still images of Confucius. Image of the Son of Heaven, a universal emperor that ruled “all under heaven”. Footage of the Great Wall of China.

R1:00:05:28;04

Still images that depict the start of the opium trade and the following first Opium War that broke out in 1839 between Great Britain and the Qing Empire of China.

R1:00:06:55;08

Images of the Dowager Empress Cixi (Cixi also spelled Tzu-hsi) and Li Lianying. Start of the Boxer Rebellion, a Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led a violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian an uprising in China. Pearl S. Buck speaks on the killing of Missionaries and other foreigns in China during the Boxer Rebellion. Siege of the International Legations in 1900 in Beijin (Peking) China. Shows sandbagged foreign embassies in Peking (Beijin), China, Capital of the Qing Empire or the Qing Dynasty or the Manchu Dynasty as navies from around the world rushed troops to fight the Boxer rebels. Victory was swift, punishment ruthless. Show severed human heads on poles. Shows American Marines China after the end of the Boxer uprising.

R1:00:10:37;00

Shows life of Chinese peasants after the Boxer rebellion. Animated map showing the great Yellow River Valley with Peking as the Manchu capital of that region. Scenes of Chinese in that region of China. In the center of the map the mighty Yangtze River Valley and the location of Shanghai, Nanking, Hankow (Hankou), and Chunking.

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Communist China - Roots Of Madness Reel-2

Shot List:

R2:00:11:29;03

Map shows the third valley in China as the West River flows past Canton and empties into the sea at Hong Kong. Scenes of boats in Hong Kong harbor. Scenes of Chinese life in a coastal city where most Westerners lived. Chinese used as source of labor to move all goods, most wore pigtails a symbol of submission to the Manchu Dynasty.

In the Forbidden City image of the aging Empress Cixi, spirit broken by the Boxer War, lingered dying until 1908. Three years after the death of Empress Cixi, and with no leader, the Qing Dynasty (Manchu Dynasty) simply disappeared.

R2:00:13:41;19

Image of General Yuan Shikai, a Chinese general, politician and Emperor, famous for his influence during the late Qing (Manchu) Dynasty and his role in the events leading up to the abdication of Henry Pu Yi (Puyl) the last Qing Emperor. CU image of Yuan Shikai.

R2:00:14:09;09

Image of Sun Yat-sen, a Chinese revolutionary, the first president and founding father of the Republic of China on the platform of a railway train car. Brief history and CU image of Sun Yat-sen . Shows protest riots of Chinese students, followers of Sun Yat-sen, in 1919.

R2:00:15:02;22

The Warlord Era in China. Shows Chinese followers of warlord General Yuan Shikai training to fight with the Manchu Broadsword. Footage of horse-drawn artillery and a motorcar (automobile) with window mounted machine gun. Their purpose was to rule by killing. Animated map illustrates how warlords divided China into military cliques. Images of various Chinese warlords during that era. Pearl Buck gives an interesting observation of the fighting patterns of the Chinese warlords.

R2:00:16:36;15

Footage of warlord Chang Tso-lin (Zhang Zuolin) Overlord of Manchuria. Footage of warlord Feng Yuxiang inspecting his soldiers. Scenes of brutality and killing by Chinese warlords. Chinese refuges fleeing warlord military cliques to the colony of hated foreigners seeking safety. Shows starving Chinese beggars in the mid 1920s. U.S. State Department Officer Ernest Price tells of starving children begging for food as his train travelled through China in during the North China famine in the 1920s.

R2:00:18:53;12

Lifestyle scenes of foreigners (westerners) or expatriates living in the Western Enclaves on the coast of China in the 1920s. Shows beautiful home of a foreigner or expatriate. Shows foreigner or expatriate carried by Chinese servant bearers on a palanquin or sedan chair.

R2:00:19:31;12

Scenes of Westerners (foreigners) in Shanghai China in the 1920s. Outside the western enclaves Chinese students calling for revolt led by Sun Yat-sen. Newspaper headline in 1923 reads “Foreign Control At Peking Means War Says Sun Yat-Sen”. Sun Yat-Sen turn to the Soviet Government of Russia for weapons. Mikhail Borodin, a Russian Communist, arrived in Peking in September 1923 to work as chief political adviser to Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee. Mikhail Borodin persuades Sun Yat-sen to let the small Chinese Communist Party of 430 members join Sun Yat-sen's Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang of China or KMT ). Image of a Chinese Communist Party (CPC) meeting in the early 1920s. Image of Sun Yat-sen and a young Chiang Kai-shek.

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Communist China - Roots Of Madness Reel-3

Shot List:

R3:00:22:28;22

March 1925 Sun Yat-sen dies. Scenes of Mandarins (Public Officials), Scholars, Warlords, soldiers file past his bier to pay homage to Sun Yat-sen.

R3:00:22:48;00

Footage of Chiang Kai-shek as he becomes the leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang of China or KMT ). Chiang Kai-shek mobilizes troops of the National Revolution Army (NRA) under the new flag of China. July 9, 1926, scenes of the Northern Expedition, a Kuomintang (KMT) military campaign of the National Revolution Army led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek against the Belyang government and warlords controlling northern China. Image of Mikhail Borodin with his Russian staff and their wives next to a train that was headquarters of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek as his army pushed north against the warlords.

R3:00:23:49;05

Scenes of a forward band of young revolutionaries, Nationalist and Communist alike, precede the troops calling to arms peasants and workers to join in the effort to unify China in a national revolution. Image of a young Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), a devout Communist, that directed scores of peasant agitators to summons fury for the revolution.

R3:00:24:14;12

Scenes of Hankou (Hankow) China in the fall of 1926 as the National Revolution Army (NRA) troops take the city and moves its capital there. Scenes of the National Revolution Army soldiers raids the British concessions in Hankou, burns down foreign buildings and take down foreign flags. Scenes of the National Revolution Army moving down river and by April 1927 reached Nanking and pauses. Scenes of the left wing leaders (Communist) of the Kuomintang in Hankou (Hankou) speak out against Chiang Kai-shek. Image of Mikhail Borodin, chief agent of Communist International, agitating to get rid of Chiang Kai-shek.

R3:00:26:41;08

Scenes of the Communist (Guangzhou) uprising in December 1927 in the industrial city of Guangzhou (Canton) China that was quickly crushed by the National Revolution Army. Professor Earl Swisher describes the events that took place. Scenes of bodies of Communist that were identified by the red stain around their necks and immediately killed. Mao Tse-tung ( Mao Zedong) escaped and went into hiding.

R3:00:28:32;01

Chiang Kai-shek is introduced as President of the National Government of The Republic of China. Scenes of the wedding of Chiang Kai-shek to Soong Mei-ling in Shanghai on December 1, 1927. Soong Mei-ling quickly became known as Madame Chiang.

R3:00:29:12;17

Footage of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing (Nanking) China and the arrival of Sun Yat-sen body arriving at the mausoleum.

R3:00:30:48;22

Shows Chiang Kai-shek with Madame Chiang. Scenes of industrialization and jobs in the Chinese cities under control of Chiang Kai-shek and the National Government of The Republic of China. Scenes of Chinese enjoying the prosperity and western influence on the lifestyle of the Chinese living in the cities. Nightclub scenes of Chinese couples dancing to the tune “Night Time In Dear Old Shanghai” by the Shanghai Hotel Dance Orchestra in 1929.

R3:00:32:26;10

Footage of warlord Chang Tso-lin (Zhang Zuolin) Overlord of Manchuria. Chang Tso-lin was killed when a bomb destroyed his railroad train car on June 4, 1928. The Japanese punishes him for what they called his treachery. Scenes of the destroyed railroad car.

R3:00:32:49;05

Footage of Zhang Xueliang or Chang Hsueh-liang (nickname Young Marshall), eldest son of Chang Tso-lin (Zhang Zuolin), who became the effective ruler of Manchuria after assassination of his father by the Japanese. Rather than serving Japan as a puppet the “Young Marshall” chooses nationalism with Chiang Kai-shek. The warlords controlling Japan prepare to invade Manchuria.

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Communist China - Roots Of Madness Reel-4

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R4:00:33:23;19

Japan attacks Manchuria September 18, 1931 and the soldiers of Chang Hsueh-liang cannot stop the Japanese Army and Chiang Kai-shek cannot send help. By Spring of 1932 the Japanese controlled all of Manchuria and renames it Manchukuo. Shows the outrage of the Chinese people, but Chiang Kai-shek and Madame Chiang knows the National Government of The Republic of China does not have modern tanks, artillery and planes to fight the Japanese. Brief images of the antiquated aircrafts in Chiang Kai-shek army. Several scenes of Chiang Kai-shek and Madame Chiang. In addition, the Chinese Communist that Chiang Kai-shek thought was eradicated had returned as a major force again.

R4:00:34:59;09

Mao Tse-tung leader of the communist movement in China decided the key to a revolution lay with the peasants that lived in bleak, filthy villages and was treated poorly by landlords. Scenes of peasant villages. Show worker plowing a field with an oxen, another scene of peasants pulling a wooden plow.

R4:00:36:09;22

Chiang Kai-shek insisted he cannot fight the Japanese until the enemy within, the Communist, were destroyed. From 1930 until 1935 Chiang Kai-shek drove his Nationalist Army to fight the Communist peasants of Mao-Tse-tung. Scenes of the ground and air war against communist guerrillas as villages are bombed. Shows planes being armed, in-flight, and bombing villages of Communist guerrillas Chinese Communists forces, facing defeat, retreated on what became known in history as the Long March. Animated map shows the route of the “Long March” (October 1934-October 1935) as Mao-Tse-tung's Communist Army of peasants evaded the pursuit of the Nationalist Army under Chiang Kai-shek and fled to Yan'an that became the capital of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

R4:00:39:03;04

In 1936 Mao Tse-tung changed his tactics and calls for the end of the civil war and a united front against Japan. Chiang Kai-shek resisted and in December 1936 Chiang Kai-shek flew to the city of Xi'an to see Chang Hsueh-liang (Zhang Xueliang or The Young Marshall) to encourage him to continue the fight against the Communist. This trip led to the “Xi'an Incident” an important turning point in Chinese history. On 12 December 1936, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the Kuomintang, was arrested by Chang Hsueh-liang (Zhang Xueliang or The Young Marshall), former warlord of Manchuria and Commander of the North Eastern Army who had fought against the Japanese occupation of Manchuria. This incident led to a truce between the Nationalists and the Communists so as to form a united front against Japan. Christmas 1936 shows Ford tri-motor plane landing at Nanking with President Chiang Kai-shek after the “Xi'an Incident”. Chiang Kai-shek announced the army of the National Government of The Republic of China and the Communist army of Mao Tse-tung would unite to fight the Armies of Japan.

R4:00:42:10;22

July 1937 scene and sound of air raid siren as Japanese planes bomb Shanghai. Scenes of civilians running for cover. Ships of the Japanese Imperial Navy shells Shanghai. Scenes of burning buildings and boats and widespread destruction. Shows Japanese soldiers racing through the streets of Shanghai. Madam Chiang announces the attack on China by Japan, scenes of the horror of war. Shows a Japanese flag waving in the breeze over Shanghai, Nanking is sacked and raped. Shows the destruction of Chinese cities as the Japanese push up the Yangtze River in the winter and spring of 1938.

R4:00:43:53;08

In the North a different vision of tomorrow's China guides the Communist Party of China (CPC). Scenes of the village of Yan'an, Capital of the CPC in China. Their troops are called the Eighth Route Army (8th Route Army), but the united front to fight the Japanese dissolves as Communist generals ignore orders from Chiang Kai-shek. Their strategy is to make an independent war against Japan.

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Communist China - Roots Of Madness Reel-5

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R5:00:44;15

Shows soldiers of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Eight Route Army in rear areas like Yan'an growing their own food, peasant women spin and sew the cloth for uniforms and fashion straw sandals for the soldiers. Mao Tse-tung sees warfare different than others. Image of Mao Tse-tung with his generals. Image of Zhou Enlai (Chou En Lai) and Zhu De. Shows training of the Eight Route Army peasant soldiers.

R5:00:46:19;13

In the Yangtze Valley all through the summer of 1938 fortress after fortress of Chiang Kai-shek fall to the Japanese Army. Shows Japanese firing artillery, Japanese on horseback advancing, and a Japanese tank moving forward. By October 1938 the last two citadels (fortress) of Chiang Kai-shek fall to the Japanese, first Canton and then Hankou. Shows Japanese Officer executing two Chinese prisoners. The Japanese believed sheer, stark terror would persuade the Chinese Nationalist to surrender, the war is won.

R5:00:46:52;13

Shows Chiang Kai-shek looking at a large wall map of China planning his retreat to Chongqing (Chungking) deep in the mountainous region of China. Scenes of the Chinese Nationalist set out for Chongqing (Chungking) carrying everything of value that could be found from machinery to school libraries. Shows the Chinese moving along the Yangtze River, pulling boats through deep gorges. Scenes of Chongqing, the wartime capital of Nationalist China in 1939.

R5:00:48:16;13

Show flight of Japanese bombers in flight to bomb Chongqing, the new wartime capital of Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist Government. Shows Japanese planes bombing Chongqing (Chungking) in spring of 1939.

R5:00:49:30;02

Scenes of the aftermath of the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941. Scenes of America delivering war material to Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist Government in China. Scenes of American C-47 aircraft flying “The Hump” (eastern end of the Himalayan Mountains) to deliver military supplies to the Chinese Nationalist. Scenes of the Nationalist soldiers that were poorly shod, underfed, and sick. Shows American Commanding General Joseph Stilwell training Chinese soldiers that were flown to training camps in India.

R5:00:52:54;22

Shows Chiang Kai-shek and Madam Chiang with President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill at The Cairo Conference (codenamed Sextant) in November 1943. Mao-Tse-tung (Mao Zedong) Communists are ignored by world leaders.

R5:00:53:13;01

From the Communist capital in Yan'an the Communist watched, unrecognized by foreign powers their strength continues to grow. Shows peasant troops of the Communist Eight Route Army receiving “political training”.

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Communist China - Roots Of Madness Reel-6

Shot List:

R6:00:56:15;06

Chiang Kai-shek reviews the Chinese troops trained by General Stilwell. Chiang Kai-shek wants to hoard these troops to use against the Communist after the war ends, General Stilwell violently objects and wants to use the Chinese troops immediately to fight the Japanese. Stilwell had reported accurately that Chiang had not committed his best troops nor American aid to fight the Japanese, but instead held back troops and supplies for an eventual showdown with wartime Communist allies.

President Roosevelt sent a special delegation headed by General Patrick Hurley to heal the growing rift between Chiang Kai-shek and General Stilwell. No compromise is possible and Stilwell is relived of his command in 1944.

R6:00:57:07;22

In 1945 the world rejoices as Japan surrenders. Show the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. Scenes of the surrender of Japan on the deck of the USS Missouri, the Communist are not represented.

To stop the foreseen Chinese civil war between the Nationalist and the Communist, China Ambassador Patrick Hurley meets Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) in Yan'an and proposes Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) divide the country politically. Shows Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) exiting a plane in Chongqing (Chungking) to meet with Chiang Kai-shek for talks brokered by President Harry S. Truman to engineer a coalition government for a united China. Scene of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) toasting an agreement. Out in the field the race is on as to who will accept the surrender of the Japanese garrisons and receive the weapons, Nationalists or Communist. Shows troops of Chiang Kai-shek boarding planes to fly to the major cities in the Yangtze River Valley.

R6:00:59:17;20

With the defeat of the Japanese and an agreement between the Nationalist and Communists to politically divide China and Manchuria the race continues to which side would accept the weapons from the Japanese and occupy that territory. Knowing Chiang Kai-shek had planes and intended to fly into the major cities of the Yangtze River Valley the Communist felt Manchuria would be their target. Zhou Enlai (Chou En Lai) was chosen to make the push into Manchuria. Animated map shows the route the Communist would take. Shows Communist troops using pack mules to move into Manchuria. Shows route Chiang Kai-shek planned to fly troops into the cities of Manchuria.

R6:00:59:57;19

America being aware of the situation sent General George C. Marshall to China to replace Patrick Hurley and try to save the peace between the Nationalist and Communist. Shows arrival of General Marshall in Chongqing (Chungking) and being greeted by Chiang Kai-shek. Shows Zhou Enlai (Chou En Lai), negotiator for the Communist arriving at General Marshall's Chongqing Headquarters. Shws image of Zhang Qun, negotiator for the Nationalist, George C. Marshall, and Zhou Enlai, negotiator for the Communist. The agreement reached was a Federal Government permitting the two parties to govern the China Provinces they now controlled. In January 1946 Zhou Enlai and Zhang Qun is shown shaking hands to celebrate the truce.

R6:01:01:05;04

Within two months troops were on the move again with each side blaming the other. Manchuria with its industry built by the Japanese is the greatest prize in China. In the major cities occupied by Chiang Kai-shek the Russian occupiers had looted every factory in every city leaving empty shells.

R6:01:02:46;02

In the summer of 1946 Chiang Kai-shek returns his government to Nanjing (Nanking) and attempts to write a new constitution based on the philosophy of Sun Yat-sen. With American arms Chiang Kai-shek felt the Communist could be crushed, and against the advice of American advisors, his troops dug-in at with fortress-like garrisons at railway junctions at cities they had occupied.

R6:01:03:48;05

Scenes of Shanghai in 1948. It is a beautiful city filled with China's poor and homeless labors willing to work for a bowl of rice. By 1948 inflation had destroyed the middle class who was Chiang Kai-shek political support. Shows bundles of paper money that was necessary to purchase goods after hyper inflation in Nationalist China. The root of the problem was that the cost of the civil war between the Nationalist and Communist. While the Nationalist government ran severe deficits in order to fund the civil war, and in doing so triggered hyperinflation. The Communist relied on a system of asset confiscation and land distribution from the rural elites to fund the war.

R6:01:05:20;12

Scenes of the poor and starving Chinese people that were weary of war. The Communist had won the hearts and minds of a desperate people that only wanted food and peace.

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Communist China - Roots Of Madness Reel-7

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R7:01:06:16;10

In the summer of 1948 Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) makes his master move. The Peasant Communist Army and guerrillas bands attack the Nationalist garrisons in Manchuria with captured tanks, artillery, and guns. The Nationalist garrisons are isolated by destroyed railways and hostile peasants. November 1948 Manchuria falls. Panic began by the cut-off Nationalist garrisons in North China surrendering by the thousands. Shows modern American equipment captured by the Communist.

R7:01:06:54;19

Madam Chiang Kai-shek arrives in America in November 1948 to make a last appeal for help, but President Harry Truman has had enough and tell Madam Chiang American involvement must end. Shows President Truman and Madam Chiang Kai-shek in the oval office.

R7:01:07:12;08

Shows the Nationalist pursued by the Communist retreating to Xuzhou last bastion guarding access to the Yangtze Valley. From November 6, 1948 to January 10, 1949 the Nationalist Army of Chiang Kai-shek fought the Communist Army of Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung). In January surrounded and cut-off they surrendered allowing the Communist Army to advance South. His spirit heavy burdened Chiang Kai-shek resigned his leadership. April 1, 1949 the Nationalist sent emissaries to Peking to plead with Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), but they have moved past the point of no return. The Mandate required all Nationalist to lay down arms in three weeks.

R7:01:08:04;11

Shows the Communist Army crossing the Yangtze, first target Nanking, Capital of the Kuomintang of China or KMT. No Nationalist troops will stand and fight. The Nationalist troops leave Nanking to the Communist. No mainland refuge for Nationalist troops remain so the fleeing troops embark for the Island of Formosa. Scenes of Shanghai shows boarded-up buildings of foreign businesses and flee the city they have built. Shows a steamship sailing down the Yangtze River crowded with foreign business people and their families.

R7: 01:09:25;17

May 27, 1949, the Communist Army of Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) enter Shanghai and march thought the streets as silent crowds watch. In six more months the Communist controlled all of China.

R7:01:op:51;22

Today, in 1967 thousands in Peking gather to hear the voices that interpret heaven's will. Various images of Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) as a teacher. Shows young children shouting “we are small militia men fighting U.S. Imperialism and must grow up quick and go liberate Taiwan (Formosa)”.

Shows a map locating Taiwan (Formosa) located ninety miles off the coast of mainland China. Scenes of Chiang Kai-shek's Army on Formosa, 600,000 strong. Various scenes of Chiang Kai-shek and Madam Chiang at the National Palace Museum on Formosa (Taiwan).

R7:01:13:00;08

Scenes of the Great Wall of China. Shows steel production in China, and brief images of industrial plant. Shows Chinese students in a classroom. Shows peasants woking in a rice paddy. Scene of young children singing praise to Chairman Mao Tse-tung. This constant chanting praising of Mao Tse-tung goes on in railroad stations, in stores, everywhere.

R7:01:15:56;00

Shows explosion of an atomic (nuclear) bomb.

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